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You are to write a technical style engineering report. The aim of the report is to summarize some aspects of the engineering process that lead to a solution for wilding pines. Click right for a basic mind map. It's only a start though! ⇒ Wilding pines pose a significant threat to New Zealand's environment, with over a quarter of the country at risk of being overrun by these invasive species. These fast-spreading conifers—including firs, larches, and various pine species—outcompete native vegetation, disrupt ecosystems, and threaten ancient landscapes. Wilding pines compromise New Zealand’s unique biodiversity and deplete productive soils vital for sustainable land use. While adequately managed pine forests contribute to the global economy through timber production, unmanaged wilding pines transform into a pervasive pest. These infestations degrade farmland, smother native flora, and invade water catchments. Furthermore, wilding pines escalate wildfire risks, reduce groundwater availability, and fail to provide the economic benefits of managed plantation forests. You are required to come up with engineering solution(s) to address the problem. Possible assignment steps:
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Be critical with sources you find from the internet. Take a look at the below. Where might they help with your assignment? Who produced them? What makes them more reliable than the average internet source? Ask at EPS library if you're not sure about assessing sources!
By using this tool you can make good choices about the quality of the information you are relying on for your assignments. Ask at EPS library if you aren't sure about a source!
| Currency: Is it recent enough to be useful to modern thinking? |
| Relevance: Does it really help solve your problem? |
| Authority: Was it produced by a credible expert? Is it peer reviewed? |
| Accuracy: Can you check their facts and figures? |
| Purpose: Why was it produced? Is there bias or money involved? |
Read a couple- where could they be of use? What about the reliability of the information in there? Can you tell why your lecturers like you to get familiar with them? Try your own keywords in Multisearch and see if you can find better.
Books are great for background, and books about niche subjects can be more useful than all the stuff you can find online combined.
Standards are released by organisations with a vested interest in wilding pines
Standards New Zealand. (2021). NZS8409: Management of agrichemicals. Standards New Zealand. https://www-standards-govt-nz.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/shop/NZS-84092021
If you are having trouble finding data for your graph or table and are stuck, have a look at Rolando et al., (2024) Table 1.
Alternatively, just published:
Klinger, S.; Camarretta, N.; Pearse, G.D.; Steer, B.S.C. & Paul, T. (2024). Detection of wilding pines with Sentinel-2 and WorldView-3 satellite data. New Zealand Journal of Forestry. 69(1), 17-24.
https://nzif.org.nz/nzif-journal/publications/
downloadfulltext/23353
If you are having issues accessing this item, click this link (the pdf is at the bottom of the page).
Applying the engineering process effectively and intelligently is critical to your success.
You'll definitely want to review your lecture notes on the engineering process. Here are the steps you need to use:
Ask yourself:
Below are some sources that might give you a background on Wilding Pines.
Carlin, T. F., Vautrin, A. J., Paul, T. S. H., Rolando, C. A., Davidson, S. J., & Scott, M. B. (2024). Conifer samara structure diverges across the height of the tree crown. New Zealand Plant Protection, 77, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2024.77.11779
Giora, M., Hulme, P.E., Richardson, D.M., & Pysek, P. (2023). Why are invasive plants so successful? Annual Review of Plant Biology, 74, 635–670. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070522-071021
National Wilding Conifer Control Programme. (2024, September 2). Controlling wilding pines. https://www.wildingpines.nz/controlling-wilding-pines
Scion. (2024). Managing wilding pines.
https://www.scionresearch.com/science/managing-
forestry-risk-and-climate-change/managing-wilding-pines
Who are the stakeholders for your solution? Who does your solution have to help?
Environment Canterbury-Kaunihera Taiao ki Waitaha (2025, February 10). What's the problem with wilding pines? https://www.ecan.govt.nz/your-region/your-environment/biodiversity-and-biosecurity/biosecurity/national-programmes/wilding-pine-programme/whats-the-problem-with-wilding-pines/
Biosecurity New Zealand-Tiakitanga Pūtaio Aotearoa. (n.d.). Wilding conifer control in NZ. Ministry for Primary industries-Manatū Ahu Matua.
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/biosecurity/exotic-pests-and-diseases-in-new-zealand/long-term-biosecurity-management-programmes/wilding-conifers/
Te Ao Māori Consideration
A brief description of some Māori resources prepared by our Kaitakawaenga Māori Kamalani can be found here.
What is the technical part of the problem? What part are you trying to solve?
Ministry for Primary Industries. (2014). The right tree in the right place: New Zealand Wilding Conifer Management Strategy, 2015–2030. https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/51013-The-wilding-conifer-management-strategy-20152030
Here are some resources for possible solutions for wilding pines
de Lange, W. J., Boast, K., & Kleynhans, T. E. (2022). Modelling cost-effective clearing solutions for invasive alien trees: A case study on wilding conifers. Journal of Environmental Management, 316, 114985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114985
Department of Conservation-Te Papa Atawhai. (n.d.). Methods of control for wilding conifers. https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/pests-and-threats/weeds/common-weeds/wilding-conifers/methods-of-control/
Dickie, I. A., Sprague, R., Green, J., Peltzer, D. A., Orwin, K., & Sapsford, S. (2022). Applying ecological research to improve long-term outcomes of wilding conifer management. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 46(2), Article 3475. https://doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.46.23
Gous, S., Raal, P., Kimberley, M. O., & Watt, M. S. (2015). Chemical control of isolated invasive conifers using a novel aerial spot application method. Weed Research, 55(4), 380–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12147
National Wilding Conifer Control Programme. (2023). Aerial basal bark application (ABBA) (Version 3.1).
https://www.wildingpines.nz/assets/Documents/Wilding-Conifers-Good-Practice-ABBA-May-2023-V2.pdf
National Wilding Conifer Control Programme. (2023). Good practice guides: Best practice in the nation wilding control programme. Retrieved February 25, 2025, from https://www.wildingpines.nz/good-practice-guides
Rolando, C. A., Richardson, B., Schou, W., Somchit, C., Paul, T. S. H., & Scott, M. B. (2024). Optimising aerial herbicide treatment for control of dense conifer infestations: a New Zealand case study. Pest Management Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8612
Rolando, C. A., Scott, M. B., Baillie, B. R., Dean, F., Todoroki, C. L., & Paul, T. S. H. (2023). Persistence of triclopyr, dicamba, and picloram in the environment following aerial spraying for control of dense pine invasion. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 16(3), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.20
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