|
You are to write a technical style engineering report. The aim of the report is to summarize some aspects of the engineering process that lead to a solution for Kessler Syndrome. Click right for a basic mind map. It's only a start though! ⇒ The Kessler Syndrome is a theoretical scenario in which the accumulation of space debris in low Earth orbit reaches a critical density, leading to an increasing likelihood of collisions between objects. These collisions, in turn, generate more fragments, setting off a chain reaction that exacerbates the space debris problem. The Kessler Syndrome poses a serious threat to operational satellites and future space missions, potentially hindering space activities in the affected orbital region. Possible assignment steps:
|
Be critical with sources you find from the internet. Take a look at the below. Where might they help with your assignment? Who produced them? What makes them more reliable than the average internet source? Ask at EPS library if you're not sure about assessing sources!
By using this tool you can make good choices about the quality of the information you are relying on for your assignments. Ask at EPS library if you aren't sure about a source!
| Currency: Is it recent enough to be useful to modern thinking? |
| Relevance: Does it really help solve your problem? |
| Authority: Was it produced by a credible expert? Is it peer reviewed? |
| Accuracy: Can you check their facts and figures? |
| Purpose: Why was it produced? Is there bias or money involved? |
Read a couple- where could they be of use? What about the reliability of the information in there? Can you tell why your lecturers like you to get familiar with them? Try your own keywords in Multisearch and see if you can find better.
Books are great for background, and books about niche subjects can be more useful than all the stuff you can find online combined.
Space debris standards are released by organisations with a vested interest in space and orbital platforms.
ESA. (2023). ESA space debris mitigation policy.
ESA/ADMIN/IPOL(2023)1. European Space Agency. https://technology.esa.int/upload/media/
ESA-ADMIN-IPOL-2023-1-Space
-Debris-Mitigation-Policy-Final.pdf
ISO. (2023). BS ISO 24113: Space systems. Space debris mitigation requirements. British Standards Institute. https://go.openathens.net/
redirector/canterbury.ac.nz?url=
https://bsol.bsigroup.com/Bibliographic/
BibliographicInfoData/
000000000030441502
NASA. (1995). NSS 1740.14: NASA Safety Standard: Guidelines and Assessment Procedures for Limiting Orbital Debris. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations
/19960020946/downloads/
19960020946.pdf
If you are having trouble finding data for your graph or table and are stuck, have a look at this ESA 2023 Environmental report on page 53.
European Space Agency. (2023). ESA's annual space environment report. GEN-DB-LOG-00288-OPS-SD. https://www.sdo.esoc.esa.int/
environment_report/Space_
Environment_Report_latest.pdf
Applying the engineering process effectively and intelligently is critical to your success.
You'll definitely want to review your lecture notes on the engineering process. Here are the steps you need to use:
Ask yourself:
Below are some sources that might give you a background on the Kessler Syndrome problem. Hover over a source for a little more information about it.
European Space Agency. (2024). Space safety: Space debris by the numbers. Retrieved February 7, 2024, from https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/Space_debris_by_the_numbers
Kessler, D. J., & Cour‐Palais, B. G. (1978). Collision frequency of artificial satellites: The creation of a debris belt. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83(A6), 2637–2646. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA083iA06p02637
Kessler, D. J., Johnson, N. L., Liou, J.-C, & Matney, M. (2010). The Kessler syndrome: Implications to future space operations [Paper presentation]. 33rd Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference, Brekenridge, CO, United States. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=227655e022441d1379dfdc395173ed2e776d54ee
Liou, J.-C., & Johnson, N. L. (2006). Risks in space from orbiting debris. Science, 311(5759), 340–341. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121337
Pelton, J. N. (2013). Space debris and other threats from outer space. International Space University; Springer.
Pisacane, V. L. (2000). Space environment and its effects on space systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Vasile, M., & Minisci, E. (Eds.) (2016). Asteroid and space debris manipulation: Advances from the Stardust Research Network. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Who are the stakeholders for your solution? Who does your solution have to help?
OECD. (2022). Earth’s orbits at risk: The economics of space sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1787/16543990-en
Stubbe, P. (2017). State accountability for space debris: A legal study of responsibility for polluting the space environment and liability for damage caused by space debris. BRILL.
Weeden, B. (2011). Overview of the legal and policy challenges of orbital debris removal. Space Policy, 27(1), 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2010.12.019
Te Ao Māori Consideration
A brief description of some Māori resources prepared by our Kaitakawaenga Māori Lani can be found here.
Ka'ai, T. M. & Higgins, R. (2004). Te ao Māori: Māori world view. In T. M. Ka'ai, J. C. Moorfield, M. P. J. Reilly, & S. Mosley (Eds.), Ki te whaiao : An introduction to Māori culture and society (pp. 11–25). Pearson Longman.
Online access: https://learn.canterbury.ac.nz/pluginfile.php/8854360/mod_
coursereadings/articles/29057/Ka-ai-Higgins-2011.pdf
Mead, S. M. (2016). Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori values. Huia.
Online access: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/canterbury/detail.action?docID=4783665
Mutu, M. (2010). Ngāti Kahu kaitiakitanga. In R. Selby, P. Moore, & M. Mulholland (Eds.), Māori and the environment: Kaitiaki (pp. 13–35). Huia.
Online access: https://learn.canterbury.ac.nz/pluginfile.php/8854360/mod_
coursereadings/articles/29058/Mutu-2011.pdf
Taonui, R. (2010). Ranginui the sky. In J. Philips (Ed.), Te taiao: Māori and the natural world (pp. 12–17). David Bateman.
Online access: https://learn.canterbury.ac.nz/pluginfile.php/8854360/mod_
coursereadings/articles/29059/Taonui-2010.pdf
What is the technical part of the problem? What part are you trying to solve?
Liou, J.-C. (2013). Engineering and technology challenges for active debris removal. Progress in Propulsion Physics, 4, 735–748. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201304735
Maclay, T., & McKnight, D. M. (2021). Space environment management: Framing the objective and setting priorities for controlling orbital debris risk. Journal of Space Safety Engineering, 8(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2020.11.002
Here are some resources for possible solutions for the Kessler Syndrome.
Bacon, J., & Ostrom, C. L. (2020). Space debris: The state of art. Journal of Space Safety Engineering, 7(3), 163–458. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-space-safety-engineering/vol/7/issue/3
Izzo, D., Hennes, D., Getzner, I., & Simões, L. F. (2015). Evolving solutions to TSP variants for active space debris removal. In S. Silva (Ed.), GECCO'15: Proceedings of the 2015 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (pp. 1207–1214). The Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2739480.2754727
Ledkov, A. S., & Aslanov, V. S. (2022). Review of contact and contactless active space debris removal approaches. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 134, 100858–100858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2022.100858
Mark, C. P., & Kamath, S. (2019). Review of active space debris removal methods. Space Policy, 47, 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2018.12.005
Migaud, M. R. (2020). Protecting Earth's orbital environment: Policy tools for combating space debris. Space Policy, 52, Article 101361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2020.101361
Mio, A., Dogo, F., & Slejko, E. A. (2024). Implementing materials fragmentation in the life cycle assessment of orbital spacecraft. Advances in Space Research, 73(6), 3116–3124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.12.037
Moltz, J. C. (2014). Crowded orbits: Conflict and cooperation in space. Columbia University Press.
Nishida, S.-I., Kawamoto, S., Okawa, Y., Terui, F., & Kitamura, S. (2009). Space debris removal system using a small satellite. Acta Astronautica, 65(1–2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.01.041
Ruggiero, A., Pergola, P., & Andrenucci, M. (2015). Small electric propulsion platform for active space debris removal. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 43(12), 4200–4209. https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2015.2491649
Svotina, V. V., & Cherkasova, М. V. (2023). Space debris removal – Review of technologies and techniques: Flexible or virtual connection between space debris and service spacecraft. Acta Astronautica, 204, 840–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.09.027
Takeichi, N., & Tachibana, N. (2021). A tethered plate satellite as a sweeper of small space debris. Acta Astronautica, 189, 429–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.08.051
Viavattene, G., Devereux, E., Snelling, D., Payne, N., Wokes, S., & Ceriotti, M. (2022). Design of multiple space debris removal missions using machine learning. Acta Astronautica, 193, 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.12.051
Yang, L., Zhang, Q., Zhen, M., & Liu, H. (2017). Dynamics and design of space nets for orbital capture. Tsinghua University Press; Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54064-0
Quick Tutorials
Chat with us Online
30 minute workshops running from 9-9:30am in the EPS Training Room. These run the weeks of 11-15 March and 22-26 April.
Book an Appointment
Please book a 20 minute individual or small group (4 or fewer) session with Jacqui or Dave.
This assignment requires you to cite all sources in text and in the reference list in APA format.
Please use the library APA guide to help you to cite your sources or look at the Introduction to APA Referencing module.
The Academic Skills Centre are the best support for Writing Skills. Find them on Level 3 of Puaka James Hight Central Library.
Drop in to their "On Call" sessions, 11am-2pm for a 10 minute session. Make sure that you bring a piece of writing with you for them to look at!
They're especially useful if you've had complaints about your grammar, punctuation or sentence structure. Check out the PDF below to get started.
Search multiple databases at once:
